Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

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In neonates, low serum calcium levels are often associated with which condition?

Dehydration
Asphyxia history
Adrenal insufficiency
Congenital heart disease

The correct answer is: Asphyxia history

Low serum calcium levels in neonates are often associated with a history of asphyxia. This relationship occurs because hypoxic conditions can lead to impaired parathyroid hormone secretion and activation of vitamin D, both of which are critical for calcium homeostasis. Asphyxia can also disrupt normal physiological processes, including calcium mobilization from the bones, and may affect renal function, further impacting calcium regulation. In contrast to the other conditions listed, asphyxia has a direct physiological impact that can result in the dysregulation of calcium levels in neonates. Recognizing this association is essential in clinical practice to ensure that appropriate monitoring and management strategies are implemented for neonates who have experienced asphyxia. This understanding emphasizes the importance of careful evaluation and follow-up of serum calcium levels in affected infants.